Secondary social science teacher training in Papua New Guinea and secondary social studies teacher training in New Zealand : a comparative study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Education at Massey University

This thesis is presented in a form of a report on a comparative documentary survey of secondary social science teacher training in Papua New Guinea and secondary social studies teacher training in New Zealand. But because of the complexity of the field, the study has encompassed a number of related areas. The thesis is organized into five chapters. Chapter one introduces the nature of study. Chapter two presents the descriptive information on education and the secondary social science teacher training in Papua New Guinea. Chapter three follows a similar pattern to chapter one but focuses on New Zealand and on secondary social studies teacher training at Auckland in particular. Taken together, these chapters investigate such issues as, firstly, who goes to school and for how long. Secondly, they investigate the background information of the staff and students of the teachers college. Thirdly, these chapters examine the college curricula, how and why they are organized in that manner. In general, these two chapters set the scene and provide the background information as the basis for discussion in chapter four. In chapter four there is an analysis and comparison of education and social science teacher training in Papua New Guinea, and education and social studies teacher training in New Zealand. In doing so, the chapter reveals some of the significant weaknesses of secondary social science teacher training in Papua New Guinea. The final chapter is devoted to making general conclusions and some suggestions for further studies for Papua New Guinea on the basis of the weaknesses identified in chapter four

A tight security reduction in the quantum random oracle model for code-based signature schemes

Quantum secure signature schemes have a lot of attention recently, in particular because of the NIST call to standardize quantum safe cryptography. However, only few signature schemes can have concrete quantum security because of technical difficulties associated with the Quantum Random Oracle Model (QROM). In this paper, we show that code-based signature schemes based on the full domain hash paradigm can behave very well in the QROM i.e. that we can have tight security reductions. We also study quantum algorithms related to the underlying code-based assumption. Finally, we apply our reduction to a concrete example: the SURF signature scheme. We provide parameters for 128 bits of quantum security in the QROM and show that the obtained parameters are competitive compared to other similar quantum secure signature schemes

Juvenile Probation Officer Workload and Caseload Study: Alaska Division of Juvenile Justice

This report describes results of a study to measure and analyze the workload and caseload of Juvenile Probation Officers (JPOs) within the Alaska Division of Juvenile Justice. More specifically, this study assessed the resources needed in both rural and urban Alaska to adequately meet minimum probation standards, to continue the development and enhancement of system improvements, and to fully implement the restorative justice field probation service delivery model.Bureau of Justice Assistance Grant No. 2008-IC-BX-K001Section I – Juvenile Probation Officer Workload and Caseload Study Table 1. Total Time Available by Office Figure 1. Referrals for New Offenses, by Depth of Processing Table 2. Average Caseloads by Office: FY06-08 Table 3. Summary Estimates for Hours Required per Type of Case Table 4. Final Results Table 5. Workload Burdens / Section II – Workload Elements Table 6. Total Time Available by Office Figure 2. Referrals for New Offenses, by Depth of Processing Table 7. Average Caseloads for Ultimate Probation Officers: FY06-08 Table 8. Average Caseloads for Immediate Probation Officers: FY06-08 Table 9. Summary Estimates for Hours Required per Type of Case / Section III – Workload Calculations Table 10. Total Hours Needed by Office Table 11. Total Hours Needed and Available by Office Table 12. Positions Needed by Office Table 13. Workload Burdens by Office Table 14. Summary of Final Results Table 15. Final Results with Average Times Required per Case Table 16. Final Results with Average Case Dispositions Table 17. Final Results with Average Times Required per Case and Case Dispositions Table 18. Summary of Final Results Table 19. Time Study Comparisons / Appendix A – Time Available Table A.1. Number of Positions by Region and Location Table A.2. Average Hours per Week Required for Other Activities Table A.3. Total Hours Available per Year by Position and Office / Appendix B – Number of Cases Figure B.1. Referrals for New Offenses, by Depth of Processing Table B.1. Average Caseloads for Ultimate Probation Officers: FY06-08 Table B.2. Average Caseloads for Immediate Probation Officers: FY06-08 / Appendix C – Time Required Table C.1. Summary Estimates for Hours Required per Type of Case Table C.2. Average Estimates (in Minutes) per Type of Case and Activity Table C.3. Detailed Estimates (in Minutes) for Time Required per Dismissed Case Table C.4. Detailed Estimates (in Minutes) for Time Required per Case Adjusted Without a Referral Table C.5. Detailed Estimates (in Minutes) for Time Required per Case Adjusted With a Referral Table C.6. Detailed Estimates (in Minutes) for Time Required per Informal Probation Case Table C.7. Detailed Estimates (in Minutes) for Time Required per Petitioned Cas

Computing the Entropy of a Large Matrix

Given a large real symmetric, positive semidefinite m-by-m matrix, the goal of this paper is to show how a numerical approximation of the entropy, given by the sum of the entropies of the individual eigenvalues, can be computed in an efficient way. An application from quantum-optics illustrates the new algorithm

Tax return as a political statement

The accuracy of a tax return is usually interpreted as an outcome of the tax evasion decision by an individual. However, in non-democratic regimes with predatory blackmail tax systems it is possible that large sums voluntarily reported by influential politicians or businessmen may be used as political statements. By openly acknowledging one's personal income an individual can signal the strength of one's position, or, on the contrary, the submissiveness to the political leadership. In this paper we explore the idea of the tax return as a political statement and test it using a unique dataset of the tax returns filed by the Russian regional governors and the members of their families for the year 2009. Our results conjecture that Russian governors may deliberately file their tax return as a political statement to signal their strength vis-à-vis the central government. --tax compliance,communication in non-democracies,Russian regions